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| Joseph Mallord William Turner Tintern Abbey (1794) |
The Gothic Novel appeared on the literary scene at the end of the 18th century, after a period of realistic novels. Probably the writers of this genre were attracted by the ideals of freedom suggested by the French Revolution and found new sources of inspirations using fancy and imagination.
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However, under the surface of literature for entertainment, the Gothic literature hid a search for individuality, for a supernatural explanation of existence; the ruined settings became symbols of the inevitable decay and collapse of human creations, and, for English Protestants, they represented the dark period of harsh laws and tortures of Roman Catholic Inquisition of Italy and Spain.
The first wave of Gothic novelists includes Horace Walpole with his The Castle of Otranto (1764), a novel which combines medieval, supernatural and modern elements.
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| Caspar David Friedrich Cloister Graveyard in the Snow (1817 - 1819) |
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